Antibiotics for cystitis are prescribed after testing and identification of the causative agent of the disease.At the same time, a test is carried out to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to various drugs.Based on the information received, the doctor draws up a treatment regimen that is necessary to effectively fight the infection and prevent severe complications.
Efficiency
Pathogenic microflora is capable of developing resistance to various medications, so modern antibiotics have a wide spectrum of action, allowing them to destroy almost all pathogenic microorganisms.The most popular drug is Fosfomycin.
The antibacterial agent is available in powder form.This ensures its high bioavailability.The active substance destroys bacterial cells, relieving the main symptoms of infection.A wide spectrum of action and a minimal number of side effects allow Fosfomycin to be used for various forms of cystitis.
In acute
In case of an acute inflammatory process in the bladder, it is necessary to quickly stop the growth of pathogenic microflora and prevent the disease from becoming chronic.For this purpose, modern antibiotics with proven effectiveness are used.
For acute cystitis, Monural is often prescribed.Its main component is able to accumulate in the tissues of the urinary system and maintain a therapeutic effect for a long period.For uncomplicated infection, a single application is sufficient.
For chronic
In case of chronic cystitis, an antibacterial agent should be selected more carefully, based on test data.Depending on the sensitivity of bacteria to various substances, the doctor determines the name, release form and dose of the drug.
With blood
When inflammation of the bladder mucosa is accompanied by bleeding, the patient is most often hospitalized and given antibiotic injections.Hemorrhagic cystitis poses a great health hazard.Therefore, the course of treatment takes place in a hospital under the supervision of doctors.
Fluoroquinolones
In complex therapy of cystitis, drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones are often used.These are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that can interrupt the DNA synthesis of pathogenic bacteria.
Most fluoroquinolones are effective against gram-negative pathogenic microflora.At the same time, gram-positive microorganisms, such as streptococci, enterococci and pneumococci, as well as anaerobic bacteria, show resistance to these substances.
For the treatment of cystitis and other urinary tract infections, Norfloxacin and Ofloxacin are prescribed.The tablets have a number of contraindications.They should not be used by children under 18 years of age, pregnant and lactating women, patients with renal, hepatic and cardiovascular insufficiency.
Cephalosporins
The cephalosporin group of antibacterial agents includes 5 generations of drugs that can destroy the cell walls of bacteria.Medicines are available in various forms: tablets, solutions and powders for injection, and in the form of a suspension.The peculiarity of medications is that they are characterized by relatively low toxicity.Antibiotics of this group are in some cases prescribed even to small children.
Side effects of cephalosporins often include nausea and vomiting or allergic skin reactions.For cystitis, the doctor may prescribe Cephalexin monohydrate, Cefixime, Cefaclor, Ceftriaxone.
Penicillins
The list of drugs included in the penicillin group is quite wide, since this type of antibiotic was created earlier than others.Medicines affect the enzymes necessary for the synthesis of the cell wall of the infectious agent.However, a large number of species of pathogenic microflora have developed resistance to penicillins.Therefore, these medications are used less and less to treat inflammatory processes in the urinary system.For cystitis, Ampicillin or Amoxicillin may be prescribed.
Hydroxyquinolines
8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives are characterized by an intense antimicrobial effect.These compounds interfere with the synthesis of DNA gyrase in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, stopping their further reproduction.From the group of hydroxyquinolines, Nitroxoline is used in the complex treatment of cystitis.
This remedy is prescribed when treatment with other medications has not brought a positive result.The antibiotic has many contraindications and can cause severe side effects, so it is strictly prohibited to use it without a doctor’s recommendation.
Quinolones
The quinolone group of drugs with a bactericidal effect was created on the basis of nalidixic acid (nalidixic acid) and pipemidic acid (pipemidic acid).
Medicines in this series have proven themselves to be effective uroantiseptics, so they are often prescribed for the treatment of cystitis and other infectious diseases of the urinary tract.However, not all pathogens are sensitive to these antibiotics, so you should undergo an examination before starting treatment.
Nitrofurans
A class of synthetic antimicrobial agents called nitrofurans includes such popular tablets as nitrofurantoin and furazidin.
These drugs contain active components that are quickly absorbed into the blood from the gastrointestinal tract, penetrate into the lesion and accumulate in the urine and kidneys.Medicines stop the growth of bacteria and destroy them.The difficulty of using nitrofurans is that these medications cause unwanted reactions in the body.
Macrolides
Medicines from the macrolide group are of natural origin, and they have minimal toxic effects on the human body, therefore they are considered the safest antibacterial agents for cystitis.
For inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, tablets such as Roxithromycin and Azithromycin are effective.Their active ingredients destabilize the synthesis of special enzymes in bacterial ribosomes.As a result, pathogenic microorganisms, including intracellular ones, die.Macrolides also stimulate the body's immune response.
Tetracyclines
Antibiotics of the tetracycline group are capable of destroying bacterial cell membranes.These drugs are active against gram-positive aerobic pathogens.Tetracycline drugs are effective against infections with certain gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.
However, the spectrum of action of antibiotics is quite narrow compared to other medications in this pharmaceutical field.Therefore, tetracyclines are prescribed only after receiving test results.Doxycycline is most often used for cystitis.
Levomycetins
The main active ingredient included in drugs from the chloramphenicol group is a component whose properties are identical to the natural antibiotic chloramphenicol.Levomycetin and its analogues are effective against many types of pathogenic microflora.The antibiotic acts bacteriostatically.
However, a number of urinary tract infection pathogens have developed resistance to chloramphenicol.In addition, the drug has many contraindications.Therefore, for the treatment of cystitis, Levomycetin is prescribed only in cases where therapy with other medications has not given a positive result.
Herbal remedies
To treat inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary system, plant-based medicines are used.
A natural remedy based on cranberries is highly effective against urinary tract infections.The berry has a bactericidal and diuretic effect, helps strengthen the immune system.
Contraindications
Antibiotics are potent drugs and have a number of contraindications.Using medications without consulting a doctor can lead to serious health consequences.During treatment of an infectious lesion of the bladder, you should strictly adhere to the recommendations of the urologist, observe the dosage and duration of use of the prescribed drugs.
During pregnancy
During pregnancy, most antibiotics are contraindicated, since the active components penetrate the placental barrier and can cause malformations in the fetus.During pregnancy, herbal medicines are often prescribed.The doctor selects antibacterial agents for the expectant mother individually, in cases where the benefit to the woman outweighs the potential risk to the child.
When breastfeeding
During breastfeeding, strong medications are also prohibited.Antibiotics used in the treatment of cystitis in women can harm the baby if the active substances are excreted in milk.It is recommended to transfer the child to artificial nutrition for the entire period of therapy.
For children
Children should not be given antibacterial agents without consulting a doctor.A number of medications are contraindicated at an early age.In addition, the dose of the drug in most cases is calculated based on the child’s weight.
For men
The doctor always makes the choice of antibiotic, taking into account not only the course of the disease, but also the general health of the patient.
For men with acute liver, cardiovascular and renal failure, cerebral atherosclerosis and other severe pathologies, a number of drugs are contraindicated.Some antibiotics negatively affect potency and reproductive function.This must be taken into account when taking medications.
Complications
When the bladder becomes inflamed, there is a risk of complications affecting all pelvic organs.The infection can penetrate the kidneys, causing severe pyelonephritis.Bacterial infection of the urinary tract is dangerous for women due to various inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs.
If the patient did not follow the doctor’s recommendations regarding the dosage of medications and the duration of the course of therapy, then the pathogenic flora that caused the infection can develop resistance to the drugs and become chronic.It is extremely difficult to completely cure cystitis in this case.Chronic infection contributes to general intoxication of the body and decreased immunity.
Reviews
The best way to cure cystitis at home is to drink Fosfomycin.You only need one packet of powder.The next day, no symptoms.There are no side effects either.If I hadn’t tried it myself, I wouldn’t have believed that in just a day you could get rid of pain, itching and constant trips to the toilet.The product is expensive, but effective.
Cheap products can also fight infection well.This was once again proven by Fosfomycin and Ofloxacin.I took an antibiotic and then a herbal medicine to enhance the effect according to the regimen recommended by the doctor.The symptoms of inflammation quickly passed, I stopped running to the toilet every half hour, and returned to normal life.I just had to take a course of probiotics to avoid dysbiosis.I didn't notice any more side effects.